Fear no more by William Shakespeare:-

Fear no more by Shakespeare is a type of consolation by Shakespeare to his beloved that death removes worldly pain.
The power of time, Superiority of the death & Life is brutal & heroic these three things mainly refers here.
After the death one has no remains fear of nature. Like heat of the sun,winter's rages & all such.he told her that she already completed her task & now she can free. The death is free from daily requirements. The poet also states universal truth that all are equal before death & all have to die at particular time.
In short, this short piece of poetry glimpse upon the harsh reality of life.

"Anyone take birth upon this earth they are also must die & come to dust."

Thank You.

Ozymandias by P.B.Shelley:-

Ozymandias,a short poem has been composed by Shelly that focuses on some universal themes like love, liberty,time,nature etc...
This poem highlights the King's ruling.the statue remains forever not with some damage by time with the king of kings Ozymandias has to pass away.
In Ozymandias,Shelly narrates a story of an ancient king of Egypt Ozymandias.the poet says that he met to a traveler who tell a story of statue that is in the desert for many centuries. This is a kind of satire also on egoistic king who believe that they were forever but time defeat them & they becomes statue.

Shelley preferred Democratic nation & did not like monarchy that he intentionally but indirectly mentioned here.

Thank You.

How sleep the brave by William Collins:-

How sleep the brave is an example of the soldier's love & sacrifice for his nation. It shows that a soldier only rest after his death.
It expresses the feelings of nationality.the poet has paid homage to the soldiers who have sacrificed for their motherland. It's a fine & highlighting the glory of the dead soldier.
William Collins told that a soldier can only rest at the time of sleep under his graveyard. He has best wishes of all the country men. Even spring in the sweetest form visits his grave,Angeles rings the door bell of their tomb & sing sad songs in their memory. The clay in the grave becomes Holly.
At last Collins described the more spiritual side of the death of soldier.he honored the dead soldiers for their efforts in the war.

Thank You.

The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri:-

The Namesake is a heart wrenching story,portraying the strife involved in family,growing up the circle of life & one's identity. The novel opens with the birth Gogal,the protagonist.the reader is given background information pertaining to the lives of Gogol's parents & each character's story is presented from his or her own perspectives. Ashima & Ashoke grew up in Calcutta. They came to America as young adults right after they tide the wedlock which was also right after they met.Ashima in particular had a trying time adjusting to American society.this background information makes the readers more intimate to each of the characters individually. It also assists the reader to better understand the choices each makes throughout the novel & to better comprehend each of their identities.
When one steps into a new land one has a sense of wonder & adventure of the sight & feel of a landscape so distinct from what one has been attuned to,there is also a sense of isolation & fright. It's the poignant anguish of diasporic identity & the sense of alienation that Lahiri harps on in her novel.this feeling of inbetweenness is germinated from the cultural dichotomies faced by the immigrants. This is the one of the chief thematic concerns of The Namesake.
The novel is marked for it's lucid narrative & picturesque descriptions. The flow of language is perfectly in tune with the pace of the storytelling.
One of the most remarkable traits of the novel under discussion is it's craft of convincing characterization. Ashima as a typical, girl-next-door grkm Calcutta. Ashoke as a mature,settled NRI,Gogal as an American born confused Desi,Moushumi as an infield Lady etc.
However an excess of Bengali cultural connotations may baffle non Bengali readers & may consequently mark the charm of reading the novel.

Thank You.

The Heart Of Darkness by Marlowe:-

The novella is above all an exploration of hypocrisy, ambiguity & moral confusion. It explodes the idea of the proverbial choices between the lesser of two evils.
As the idealistic Marlowe is forced to align himself with either the hypocritical & malicious colonial bureaucracy or the openly malevolent, rule defying Kurtz. It becomes increasingly clear that to try to judge either alternative is an act of folly.
How can moral standard or social values be relevant in judging evil..?
Is there such thing as insanity in a world that has already gone insane..?
The number of ridiculous situations Marlowe witnesses act as reflections of the larger issue-
At one station,for instance, he sees a man trying to carry water in a bucket with a larger hole in it.
At the outer station, he watches native laborers blast away at a hill side with no particular goal in mind.
The absurd involves both insignificant silliness & life or death issues often simultaneously.
That the serious & the mundane are treated similarly suggests a profound moral confusion & a tremendous hypocrisy.it is terrifying that Kurtz's homicidal megalomania & a leaky bucket provoke essentially the same reaction from Marlowe.

Thank You.

The Heathen by Jack London:-

The Heathen is a short story which introduces us the life of sailors through Jack London's eyes.it takes readers into a different world of sea,ships,sailors,buyers of pearls & different territories.
It introduced Jack's racist ideas with his experiences.as a sailor,to make a truly humanist tale of two macho sailors who maintains an unbreakable 17 years bond. The story highlights the dangerous at the Pacific ocean very closely.
The story is narrated by first person singular. The narrator comes as a Pearl buyer.on the middle way,the ship faces many hurdles like small pox,a deadly disease which claims many lives in the ship.then a terrible Strom damaged the ship very badly.
The narrator luckily survives himself & with the heathen,Otoo visits other parts of the sea. Otoo becomes like a brother.he makes money in certain business too.on the way, the narrator about to be swallowed by a shark,but Otoo comes in between & saved him.unfortunately he lost his life himself.
In short,the story leads into the world of sea life. It also shows the bond of him with Otoo & lay man's sacrifice for him.

Thank You.

Each & All by R.W.Emerson:-

Each & All is a fine philosophical lyric by Emerson.he comments in the poem that everything surrounding us has a stronger attachment with us.we can't be happy without them.
The speaker doesn't care what his religious based society & government think about him.he doesn't like his strict goal & he doesn't believe anyone around him but they are all two scared to say anything about it. He soon starts to realise it doesn't matter,what matter is the beauty & nature around him.he realises that we can't have just one individual piece of beauty to each is to all.we lose the beauty in ourselves when we got older as long as we appreciate the beauty in our life.we will always happy & satisfied no matter what kind of government we are unsatisfied with or what person issue we have.
As a whole,it was not that individual components had lost their beauty.they were just more beautiful where viewed together as whole.
For example the sparrow is in his nest & sings the song but it doesn't look pleasant because he did not bring home the river & sky.it is separated from surroundings & loses the joy of life.
In short it's an appealing poem.it highlights the bondage between man & nature as well as nature.

Thank You.

Compensation by R.W.Emerson:-

Compensation presents the reality of life. The central idea of this philosophical poem is about the realities of life.Emerson deals with life in this poem. He expressed how life is not fair & how everyone is different.

"Why should i keep holiday,
When other men have none..?"

He passes through some different mental status.he raises a question against the contrast. Universally he questions. Man is a social animal he lives with other fellow beings. Naturally compensation take place.he raised question to the God that why his life is unhappy while others are enjoying. The reason for this difference is his personal unhappiness.
Emerson says why when everyone else is laughing he is unhappy..? He then speaks to the crowds that their hour has come & they have new opportunities for growth in life.but he also shows this opposition of sadness & discontent with this own life.he asks these contradicting question throughout this poem.
In brief,Emerson shows a deep & moving feelings.

Thank You.

Friendship by H.D.Thoreau:-

Friendship is a fine philosophical poem that points out the importance of friendship in life. The entire poem deals with the bond between two friends. The poet conveys his feelings, emotions & sentiments regarding friendship in this poem. According to him,love & friendship are both on the same level & are synonyms to each other.
They are both equally important in a relationship. Love is the greatest force in the world.

"I think a while of love
And while i think
Love is to me a world."

Love is the base of every relationship. No feelings are superior to love in life.the poet feels love more lovely when he remains in the company of his friend.
The true love doesn't speak more but understand a lot. A man may love the truth & practice it.he may admire beauty but he cannot easily expresses the true love.the poet gives the example of two stronge Oaks which stand side by side.they face the winter's storm,wind & tide but they are both stronge by root which are in separable.
In his efforts to determine the limit of friendship Thoreau emerges himself in the ocean of friendship. There are no set rules to start friendship with someone. Friendship can take place between anyone man-man,men-woman,man & animal,birds,tress etc..
Love & friendship are the two sides of the same coin.no time or age can destroy true love as well as friendship.
In short friendship is an interesting poem to understand the meaning of friendship as well as significance.

Thank You.

'Conscience' by H.D.Thoreau:-

Conscience is such a poem based on one of the almost valuable aspects simplicity. The poet favours the ideology Art Of Morality's Sake.

"Complexity brings dissatisfaction."

Thoreau argues that we should not propagate sin.he further states that he enjoys a life whose plot is simple. He doesn't want to make false show or hypocrisy.
He has an Earnest an honest soul.he advises that whether he laughs or weeps our soul should be followed,valued & respected.
Thoreau here discussed some of the attractions of material & to get more facilities we deceive our soul.
He preaches here more that we should throw away such cheating & follow the voice of our soul to be really happy. He also appeals to come out from hypocrisy.
He advocates the simplicity of expression & hates hypocrisy. He has more faith in ordinary people than so called VIPs.

"Give me simple labouring folk
Who loves their work
Whose virtue is song
To cheer God along."

As a whole,conscience is a philosophical poem that establishes the glory of simplicity. God loves common people more & more therefore he creates common people more & more.

Thank You.

'My Grandmother' by Elizabeth Jennings:-

My Grandmother,the poem indicates  a picture of the poet's dedication on grandmother.
Elizabeth explores the relationship between her & her grandmother.the poem focuses on the remorse & guilt. She felt after her grandmother passed away.
Her grandmother owned an antique shop,which she cherished more than anything or anyone.

"She kept an antique shop-
It kept her,
Among apostle spoons & Bristol glass,
The faded silks,
The heavy furniture."

Elizabeth with all this described a particular incident that happened in her childhood. Once her grandmother asked her if she would go out with her but she refused & thought her grandmother would own her but not love her.but later she felt guilty about refusing to go out with her.
Lastly she described that after the death of her grandmother no one was there to look for antique shop. There were dust everywhere & had in miserable condition.
In brief, Elizabeth shows the grief & guilt that she felt after her grandmother's death with observing the poor conditions of the antique shop.

Thank You.

"I want to know why..?" By Sherwood Anderson:-

I want to know why highlights the world of teen agers. In the present story,Anderson depicts how a teen aged Boy's ideal person turns from hero to zero.
The narrator of the story is an adults scent boy & we can see the world through his eyes.the story describes the frustration of an adult scent who is highly shoked & disappointed to find his model person. Ideal to be an ordinary for even blow ordinary Human being.the story disturbs & confuses the young boy. At the end,as he realise that people are not always good as they seen.that's thing to whom you trust.
It's a story of a young narrator's love of horses from his boyhood wonder into a total love affair. In leaving the harsh truth the narrator is forced to face the fact that his ideal of the perfect trainer is far better than the actual reality & that they are just men after all.
The narrator & his friend escape from their house for adventure. The narrator almost begins a love affair with the horses.he just wants to be as near as he can. He even admires the horse trainer Jerry Tillford.he respects this man like ideal.at the end,he finds him at the place where mean things were happen & he became disappointed.
Tillford's meeting at prostitutes shows complete break in thoughts of narrator's mind.the story is a fine specimen to see a struggle between two different worlds-Dream & Reality.

Thank You.

'To The Indians Who Died In South Africa' by T.S.Eliot:-

Eliot has made attempt to convince his ideas by dedicating this poem on the Indian soldiers who sacrificed their life in Africa.
Through it he wishes to justify the sacrifice of Indian soldiers supporting the English army against Hitler in south Africa. He tries to make it clear that the soldiers laid down their lives for a noble cause. The important thing is that they died as heroes.we can see how difficult it's for one to die in a foreign county. He seems to suggests that the place where a man meets his destiny in his destination. Every county will have such places where foreigners are buried. Whether it may be England or some village in Punjab.
Eliot at last succeeds to convince that the sublime sacrifice that soldiers made in a foreign land for a common cause, will kindle the great spirit in other man in the years to come. The poet hopes that we must realise that selfless action never goes with its over rewarded.
In this way, Eliot refers the philosophy of Bhagvad Gita.

Thank You.

'A prayer for my daughter' by W.B.Yeats:-

This poem is a prayer for poet's daughter because he is worried about the possible danger in her future. So,he prayed God to keep her safe from cruelty of the world.
The poem begins with the burden of a personal occasion but concludes with a resolving generalization. There are many autobiographical elements of the poet in this poem. Yeats first prayed for beauty but this beauty must be tinged with compassion.
Yeats discards beauty as that of Helen of Troy because excessive beauty makes a woman incapable of compassion. He thinks that without it no intimate relationship is possible.
The second gift sought for the daughter is courtesy. Yeats asks that his daughter may become a living image of the tree of life.
According to the poet,intellectual hatred is the worst of all.if it replaced by innocence & purity it can bring joy & consolation to the individual. It will give an inner peace which cannot be disturbed by misfortune or opposition.
Finally he wishes that she grow up & get married in an aristocratic family which observes traditional manners & courtesy.
In short the poem shows Father's worry for his daughter & her future.

Thank You.

'Baby Running Barefoot' by D.H.Lawrence:-

The present poem depicts a fatherly love by D.H.Lawrence.
It's about an innocence of a baby enjoying across the grass. It's one of the best stages of life without any worries or tension.how the baby enjoys the company of grass, flowers & other natural objects has been described well here.
The Poet doesn't discuss here any serious issues & problems of society but takes us in the innocent world of children.

"The little white feet nod like
White flowers in the wind.."

The baby's feet movements & running have been glorified or magnified by comparing them with ripples, little Robin's song or butterflies settle in the cup of the flower.

"I long for the baby to
Wonder neither to me.."

In short he described the baby in the company of grass & other aspects of nature.

Thank You.

'Araby' by James Joyce:-

'Araby' is an interesting story that depicts the feelings of a Young boy.in the present story, Araby is a name of spot.it's a kind of Romanticized images of Arabia. It becomes the most important in the universe for the boy,it also suggests escape.
The central idea of this short story is the stronge feelings of q young boy who falls in love with his neighbour Mangan's sister.he spends time watching her from his house or thinking about her.finally they talk & she suggests that he visits a bazaar in Araby which she cannot attend.
The boy plans to go & purchase something for the girl but his uncle returns too late & he gets late.any how he arrives at the Araby late.
But most of the shops are closed.unfortunately the things are too costly to buy from there.as a result,he can't buy anything & returned with heavy heart & frustration.
In short, this is a story of two young lovers. Joyce described a dream world of a young boy.

Thank You.

'Quality' by John Galsworthy:-

Galsworthy depicted a German craftsman's efforts to survive in an era where success is determined by Advertisements not by Work.
This is a story about craftsmanship, Quality found in Mr.Gessler-A Shoemaker.
Basically it's a satire on fast developing world especially in business field.
This is a kind of masterpiece by Galsworthy.it highlights the conflict of Gessler's brother who are excellent shoemaker but can not fight against the global & glamorous advertisements. The narrator ordered many times for his shoes in Mr. Gessler's shop. But at the end of the story,he comes to know that Mr. Gessler passed away because of slow starvation. He dedicated his life to making boots & even such hardwork can not earn him bread & butter.here is a satire that for people quality is not so important but the advertisements attracted more.
Galsworthy succeeds here in narrating the realistic picture of the society especially lower class people-the craftsman.

Thank You.

'The Nightingale & The Rose' by Oscar Wilde:-

Two cheap words are important here in the title The Nightingale & The Rose,in fact this is a story of young student & his Love. But the Nightingale become the central character.
Human love doesn't deserve the attention of creatures of ground, sea & air. The Nightingale & The Rose is a moral story by Wilde. It's a story of sacrifice of a Nightingale for the sake of human Love. Ultimate moral of the story is that human love & sacrifice are worthless.
The young boy is worried in the beginning of the story because of his beloved's condition that she would dance with him if he brought her the red rose.unfortunately he fails to get the red rose.he is disappointed & weeps.the Nightingale notices it & decides to help this young boy.she even can't find red rose as there were only yellow & white.
The red rose tells her that she has to blooms the red rose only by her heart's blood.the Nightingale agrees to sacrifice her life.ultimately the boy gets the red rose but on the other hand the lovely bird losses her life.

"Jewels cost for more than flowers."

The rejection of the boy's proposal answered by such way.then the boy disappointed & angrily throws the rose into the street where it falls into the gutter & cartwheel goes over it.he weeps & returned to his study.
This story is a humble tribute to the birds & beasts who have been deceived by Hunan being.

Thank You.

Poetic Justice in 'Othello' by Shakespeare:-

The concept of Poetic Justice has been an ancient literary canon. The concept means that in the ideal world,Rewards & punishments are in proportion to the merits & mistakes of the agents. In this ideal world,virtue is rewarded & crime punished in exact proportion to the nature of the acts. But we do not see this ideal justice in actual life. In the world, we often see virtue suffering & wickedness rewarded.
Shakespeare in his tragedies does nor dispense poetic justice to his characters. That is because Shakespeare as a dramatist is concerned with the real world not the ideal.his aim is to hold the mirror up to nature. He does not hesitate to show that virtue suffers & sin sometimes triumphs in this world.
In Othello, We find Iago, the Arch villain is exposed & punished. This satisfies our sense of poetic justice. But when Othello & Desdemona suffer for no fault of theirs, our sense of poetic justice is not satisfied. The punishment of Othello may be partly due to his own fault, but in the case of Desdemona, her mistake is a trifle but the punishment is excessive. There is no relation between suffering & wrong doing. The waste of goodness is unnecessarily great. In fact, Desdemona & Othello do not suffer owing to the wrongs committed by them,but chiefly due to their virtues.
Thus,in the world of Shakespeare there may be justice even rigorous justice,but it is not the same thing as poetic justice.

Thank You.

Gabriel Oak from 'Far From The Madding Crowd' by Thomas Hardy:-

The Victorian era has been considered by many critics as well as the Golden period for Novels,not only in quantity but also in quality. English novel found it's supreme output in the form.
Thomas Hardy ranks among the prominent novelist of this era.Far From The Madding Crowd is a widely read story that presents rustic life effectively. Almost all the characters of this novel are directly or indirectly connected with profession of farming.Gabriel Oak is an expert Farmer, Shepherd & Bailiff.
The Novel's hero Gabriel Oak's profession marked by his humble & honest ways.he has exceptional skills with animals & farming.he is unparalleled character in the loyalty. He is Bathsheba's first suitor. Later the bailiff on her farm & finally her husband at very end of the novel. He is characterized by an incredible ability to read the natural world & control it without fighting against it. He occupies the position of quite obscures throughout most of the book, yet he knows just when to stop in to save Bathsheba & other from the troubles.
When the novel begins Gabriel possess a farm of ship but soon he looses his ship when his faithful dogs turns unfaithful & attacked the ship.but being a skillful farmer he can handle any responsibility at a farm very well.that's why in spite of loosing farm he doesn't suffer rare turning the situation leads him to be a Shepherd at Bathsheba's farm.she dismisses him from the farm, but soon she realises that there is no option for Gabriel & therefore she sent her servant to call him back only he can cure the shift at the farm.
Gabriel falls in love with Bathsheba. He also tries to convenes her & declare his love before her but she doesn't show any interest among there. He is a true lover who is mature & patient.
As a result of his pure love for Bathsheba Oak gets married her at the end of the novel.
In pastoral novel, his character suit the best for he has a lots of abilities & skills that are required in the central character of rustic novel.

Thank You.

'To His Coy Mistress' by Andrew Marvell:-

To his coy mistress is a fine specimen of metaphysical poetry by Andrew Marvell.he expresses the feelings of persuasion by a lover to his beloved.
The title To his coy mistress clearly mentions that the poem is about the beloved who feels shy.
The central idea of this poem is the coyness of the beloved. The poet's beloved has too much coyness. The poet feels that they have no time to waste & they should love.the poem is a kind of appeal to the shy mistress to give up coyness & to start love making.

To his coy mistress is rich in phonology.
Alterations (We..would) (Which..Way)
(Thirty..Thousands) etc...

Herioc couplets:-

"And your quaint honour turn to Dust,
And into ashes all my Lust..."

Noun-Mistakes,Coyness,Lady etc..
Verbs-Walk,Turn,Refuse etc..

The poem is addressed to a coy beloved who is modest.the lover tries to convince her with different examples & references to avoid shyness & to begin love making.
Time is short & if they wait & talk, they would loss their most useful time & they may grow old.he also praises her beauty & says that he would require thousands of years to praise her beauty but it would be no use because the time parishes everything & she would be also victim of time. Her beautiful body will be found in dust & his lust would become ashes.
In two divisions the poet praises the beauty of his beloved in first part & in second one he tries to persuade her that they should not waste time & begin love making.

Thank You.

'Ode On Solitude' by Alexander Pope:-

Ode on solitude is a kind of poem that glorifies solitude & self-dependence.
The title here highlights the theme or the subject of the poem. It clarifies that the ode is about loneliness.
The poem focuses on very natural aspect of human life,Solitude or Loneliness.it suggests how to be self dependent & happy.

Alliteration
Whose.. Wish
Second... Sleep
Unseen...Unknown etc..

Noun(Man,Care,Milk etc..)
Adjective (Happy,Soft,Unknown etc..)
Verb(Bound,Breath,Live etc..)
Relative pronoun(Whose, Who etc..)

"Happy the man whose wish & care,
A few paternal across bound."

Pope presented here the pleasure of being content & self dependent. He says that if a person wants to be Happy he should be satisfied with his limited land in his native place. His herds give them milk,his flocks supply him attires, trees in summer gives him shelter & the same tress give fire in the winter. Such man can be really happy because he lives independently.
Such solitude can help to pass hours, days & years happily. Such man enjoys a second health & peace of mind.
At last the Poet wishes to live independently & lonely & also he describes to die unlamented. This desire shows that the poet wants to keep aloof & does not care for publicity. He wants to keep distance from crowds as he is self dependent.

Thank You.

'Prayer Before Birth' by Louis MacNeice:-

Prayer before birth is a sharp satire on the existence world.the world has become so cruel & dangerous place & polluted to live that a child offers prayer to God to save him from the cruelty of the world.
The present poem is a prayer of unborn child.
The central talk of the poem is the unborn child's fear about the society.he prayed God to save him from the various evils of human being.

Alterations
Bloodsucking... Bat
Walls... Wall
Murder.... Means etc...

Noun
Me,Bat,Human race etc..
Adjective
Wise,Stronge etc..
Verb
Hear,Provide,Live etc..

The unborn child expresses the feelings of fear before he appears on the earth. He prayed God to save him from human race who may not let him live comfortably. The unborn child also requests God to provide him natural objects.where importance of environment can easily touch upon.
The child knows very well that the world will commit sins through him so he prayed God to forgive him.

"I am not yet born,
O hear me..
Let not the man who is beast or
Who thinks he is God
Come near me.."

In this way to protect him from the world the child ask at last to God that if his prayer is not granted, God should kill him.

Thank You.

'The Blessed Damozel' by Dante Gabriel Rossetti:-

The key term in the title Damozel is an archaic word for Damsel.in Roman Catholic Theology, a deceased candidate for saint hood receives the title Blessed before his or her name.
The central idea of this poem in underlying love.although the death of the damozel her separated her from the man she loves,the love between them lives on.so does the hope that one day they will reunite in heaven.

Figures of speech:-
"The sun was gone now, The curled moon,
Was like a little feather.."

Noun(Eyes,Robe,Day etc..)
Adjective (Blessed, Deeper,Little etc..)
Verb(Seemed, Fixed etc..)
Possessive pronoun(Her)

The poem describes how the blessed damozel continuous to love her beloved even after her death.the poem begins with the description of the blessed damozel who links out from a golden banister on the altar most boundary separating heaven for space.her eyes are deeper than the bottom of still water. In her hair are seven stars.she immensely looks at the earth to see her beloved. Her robe is also described deeply by the poet.she is at such high position in the heaven on a rampart that she can hardly see the sun. But damozel is not interested in heavenly pleasures but she awakes for the reunion with her earth bound young man.

She speaks:-
"I wish that he were come to me.."

The young man on earth wonders whether God will invite him to enjoy ensues unity with his beloved. She will request Christ to allow her young man to live forever together, united in love.the man imagines he sees her smile.but then she casts her arms down on the golden banisters & weeps. He hears her tears.
In short, it presents a romantic dream like atmosphere as a Virginal young woman who after her recent death waits for the reunion with her young man she left behind. Even in the heaven she recalls her beloved that shows a true & genuine love.

Thank You.

'From The Amoretti' by Edmund Spenser:-

Edmund Spenser wrote 79 sonnets under this title 'The Amoretti'.Let's enjoy the discussion of this sonnet No.75 highlighting the glory of Love & Literature.
In Elizabethan age,the form sonnet was practised intensely. The subtitle of this sonnet is 'I Wrote Her Name'.
As it's fact that most of the literature has been composed in the world about three major subjects Love,Life & Death. This sonnet also glorifies Love & also Permanence of litterateur.
Poetry defers from prose mainly because of it's musicality. The sonnet One Day I Wrote Her Name is rich in musicality.there is a remarkable use of alliteration.

Waves....Washed
Payne....Pray
Dy...Day...etc....

This is a sonnet & hence decided into 14 lines in two parts-Octave & Setset.
The poet has made use of various words like Noun, Adjective, Verb etc....

Day,Name,Waves,Hand etc..Noun
Second, Glorious etc...Adjective
Wrote,Made,Die... etc..Verb

Semantic level of the poetry-
The soul of poetry shows the content & message of the poem.Spenser writes in this beautiful poem that he wrote his be lover's name upon the strand but it was washed away by the waves.he tried again with a second hand but the tide removed it.then his beloved commented that he was trying to make a mortal thing immortal & so naturally he would fail.
Later the poet thought to write her name or rather poetry on her would make her immortal as well as famous everyone even in the heaven. The poet highlights the fact that true love & literature are permanent & in this way their love will remain forever,in the form of poems he wrote about her.
In only 14 lines means a structure of sonnet poet mention that love between he & his beloved is immortal because the poet write poetry on her beloved & therefore poet says that literature is also immortal.

Thank You.

'When we two parted' by George Gordon, Lord Byron:-

Lord Byron wrote a large number of lyrics. Some of them are regarding Liberty, Nature & Love. When we two parted manifests a poetic genius of Lord Byron.
The title of this poem When we two parted alone is sufficient to convey the theme to the reader.
The central idea of this poem is feeling of separation. The poet & his beloved on account of some specific reason have to part forever.
In this poem we come across alterations many time like..

When... We
Half Broken... Hearted
Long... Long...

The present poem is a well designed lyric of total four stanzas of eight lines each.

"In secret we met,
In silence I grieve.."

Noun (Silence, Heart,Fame etc..)
Adjective(Colder,Half Broken etc..)
Verb(Parted, Grew etc...)
Adverb(Truly,Deeply etc..)

The present poem shows the situation when two lover depart forever. Meeting & parting is very natural in life.but two lovers depart & especially forever,it's very touching & pathetic.
Byron describes this moving situation with the words like The two lovers separated in silence & tears which are the most powerful tools for communication. Beloved's vows & promises are broken & he feels shame for it.the poet complaints also for the faithfulness of his beloved. He comments that he will continue to rue her for a long time.
At last,he questions that suppose they meet again after long years, how should he greet her..?
But he himself answer the question that he should greet her with silence & tears that means he will continue to remember her ever after many years.

Thank You.

Glimpse on Myths in Frankenstein by P.B.Shelly:-

1)Myth of Prometheus-
Prometheus steal fire from Mount Olympus & give it to human kind.
His intention was good but way of serving was quite harmful or punishable so it's leads towards fall.
2)Myth of Narcissus-
Echo-a young girl falls in love with Narcissus who was a son of river God (Ephesus & Nymph).they always had worry of Narcissus as a prophet suggested to not know he-himself.
But on his 16th he walks on lack & Echo saw him & attracted towards him but at a time he insulted her & this was noticed by goddess of revenge & they gave him punishment. Ultimately reflection of own killed himself.
3)Myth of Paradise Lost-
Satan's trick to trap Eve & Eve's attempts to convince Adam shows how Hunan beings are always remains in crave for getting satisfaction at all.though God denied they ate that fruit & how human beings have to started their journey of pain & suffering. God's punishment remains above all this & men proved lesser than him ultimately.

Thank You.

Brief on Ode On A Grecian Urn by John Keats:-

Ode on a Grecian urn by Keats has an image of an ancient Greek pot that is covered with illustrations. There are imaginations of Keats only that shows a beautiful picture of his expressive talent through a simple pot design.
In that pot,there is a married guy that represents quietness.
Urn,he mentioned as an adopted child of silence & slow time.
By profession it was considered as a historian.
God & men also are there.
Some guys chasing women through the forest.playing pipes & beating on drums.
Musicians have Sweet melodies.
Tree garden & full of greenery was there & under that guy playing songs.
Chasing women by guys turns trees into spring time.
Truth & beauty both stands equally.
Ultimately Urn represents the harsh reality of time where everything will be finished.generation after generation it will go on & on continuously & Urn telling this story to one after another.

Thank you.

Overview of 'Ode To A Nightingale' by John Keats:-

Ode to a Nightingale by Keats has three main ideas to present here.
1)Life is all about tears & frustration-
Keats preferred to be there where the Nightingale was sang & it's melodious tone made him happy,to get that temporary joy he used to go there. But after all there is no endless happiness he can feel,because life is something different from that as it's all about tears & a way full of thrones.
2)Die as Sleep-
Keats wanted to die as easy as sleep.may be from family connection he got this idea where he lost each near & dearer.unsatisfactory to life can see there.
3)Imagination-
To escape from all the cares of life Keats just wanted to live in an imaginative world where he can get at least relief & peace.contrary to the reality of life.

Thank You.

The essence of Ego or Pride in The Black Cat

The Black Cat by Edgar Allen Poe has a picture of a man who had some types of hatred towards the black cat & he attacked on it once but after that though he had to face something due to that personally yet to pampered his pride or ego,he again tried to murdered the black cat.
Guilt was remains in the center here, which feels constantly by the writer. The incident of fire in the house shows the art of poetic justice in the story where he himself pounder on it once & murder of his innocent wife is always has the same voice to convey.
To satisfy inner pride also he tried to constructs both the cat & his wife behind the Wall. But his interpretation of home while arresting seems confession than the information itself before police & at the end due to sobbing voice the life which are still alive behind the Wall open up & pride or ego resulted to the disaster.

Thank You.

The essence of Insult in 'The Gask Of Amontillado':-

By Edgar Ellen Poe The Gask Of Amontillado was written that shows the picture of our natural human sentiments that sometimes creates big disaster for other.
In this present short-story,Poe intentionally used this element of insult that leads to the disaster or fall of men. Here i would like to start with one appropriate example of Jayant Khatri,to enter in the council of literature or on art he should have some written creativity with him & that he had not at that time. From there after got insult he started to write & now can be a popular writer too.

"Fuel to blast something."

Mahabharata & Ramayana also has such impulses where result of insult leads to revenge.
With suspense,simplicity, thrill yet with some pre-_clarifications Poe artistically describes entire story here.
How to give the answers of insult,a man used tricks to leads his friend towards the suspension room & with intelligence he trapped him there.by using inner impulses that forced him to fill that crave of revenge,he done it well planned.
To identity just a good wine,how he mingled his plan of getting revenge within & at the end as the death remains in the center in most of the Poe's story, it same way ends.

Thank You.

Brief about The Old Man & The Sea by Earnest Hemingway:-

The old man & the sea is a novella by Earnest Hemingway that has a beautiful image of sea life with the enough evidence of morality.there is the fight, undefeated conflict between Santiago & Marlin for 84 days.
Through this journey Marlin become A friend or equal to Brother for Santiago as we can see the connection of pity-respect & love. Same here all three feels by Santiago for Marlin though it was an animal.
"A man can be destroyed, but not defeated."
How Santiago feel guilty on his journey with Marlin during fight & how he become lonely at a place though he get victory yet no pride of accomplishment one can fine there & all this matters.
From past Santiago got inspiration to divert his path with the same.Reinforcing remains in the center there.
An interesting fight with Marlin shows the heroic quality of Santiago who can even give challenge to a huge-dangerous creature & won.
Manhood is at some point separate from heroism where self control, suffering & consciousness of one's duty without complaint focus mainly.
The sea comes as feminist perspective which has lack of self control due to helplessness.
While the marlin comes as masculinity.
Christian virtues are in the center.love for animals, faith, humanity & all such quality based elements comes accordingly.
Santiago's pride itself leads ultimately towards the fight with Marlin that can see through two sides.one shows heroic quality & another stands for disaster.
At the end,Santiago's success of "What i can do..?" answered. Possible area of heroic deeds that which Santiago born for.84 days of struggle & on 85 Santiago get victory.

Thank You.

Home Burial by Robert Frost:-

Home Burial by Frost shows the pure sentiments of a mother towards her son who just died & also buried in home's ground by her husband.
Here Frost shows the over draught of mother's feelings for son.

"Don't Do...
Don't Do...
Don't Do..."

Such screams of mother shows her desire to keep live her dead son's memories with her forever & not to suppress it.on the other hand her husband tries to fill that space by giving enough care & love but all failed & she only remains in the memory of her child.
By this simple poem,Frost tries to show that how universal grief of any son's death & nearly as well as strictly connected attachment with him of mother can make us emotional after come across such poems. No any tricks can recover her isolation & alienation at all that presents by Frost well.

"The talk is the talk of everyday,
But for critic these situation is strange."

Thank You.

'A Gift Outright' by Robert Frost:-

A Gift Outright by Frost can be considered as a poem of colonial conflict in America between the native Americans & the settlers who from different countries of Europe settled in America.the Poet as a descendent of those settlers writes this poem about conflict between settlers as colonizers & native people as colonized.
The poem opens with the Poet's expression of Love for this country. The poet says that the land of their before they belong to that land,more than 100 years were already passed & in every state of America the settlers considered that land as their own motherland but it was unfortunate that still they were not possessed-who accepted by those native people, still they were recognized as people of England & colonials.the settlers made a study of what was the reason that they were not accepted by native Americans.
Finally they found that the reason was,they lived life in a different way from native Americans. So they decided to surrender the unique way of life so they may get accepted by the native people. Of course they were accepted, they had no struggle a lot that fight many battles & finally they were accepted.their surrender was unconditional whether that country progress or not but they were lived in that country as the people of that county,as the true citizens of that country. This is the gift that the country gets from the settlers & those settlers get this country as a gift.

Thank You.

Fire & Ice by Robert Frost:-

Fire & Ice by Frost is a poem on interpretation of his own thinking about how probably the earth would be destroyed. The Indian Oriental myth & the western myth-both suggests that there would be the end of this earth.the Indian Oriental myth suggests that the earth would be destroyed because of water & the Western Christian myth suggests that the earth would be destroyed because of fire.
Some opinions are that the earth would be destroyed because of fire & while some stands to argue against it by guessing that the earth may be died due to Ice-Water.
The poet made study of the desires of people for that & later on he comes to conclusion that the earth would be destroyed because of the fire of never ending desires. But if the same earth is to be destroyed twice, the second time it would be destroyed due to Ice that shows cold blooded hatred which allows a person to be very cool on the surface but full of hatred & poison from evil side.so both fire & ice are equally capable of destroying the earth.

Thank You.

An overview of 'Mourning Becomes Electra':-

Mourning Becomes Electra by Eugene O'Neill,a play has wide range of character where inter relationship reacts through inner sentiments & tries to connect with the outer world. In three parts it mainly designed.
Brigadier General Ezra has beautiful wife named Christian who has two children-Lavinia,a daughter & Orin,a boy child.as Ezra had to live outside due to job placement Christian felt some gape with husband & may be for filling that space she had another relation with Adam.Both children has no preference for mother's relationship with Adam & Orin who has attraction towards mother(Oedipal complex) killed Adam & on the other side Lavinia had feelings towards her father(Electra complex) who may be poisoned by Christian & second lover Adam who killed by her brother only turns the story completely.
At the very end of the play,Christian who already suicide & after lost illusive attractions from Father & late lover of Christian,Lavinia became like mental & fixed herself in her father's library.On the other side Orin killed himself by gun & murdered every sentiments with him.
Only letter remains a sign of entire storyline which written by Orin & conditioned with Hazel to open it after his death only or something will going to happen then only.
By this play ends but overall it's about internal sentiments that one has for other fairly or not it's resulted accordingly.

Thank You.

Supportive Character of Lily Briscoe in To The Light House

To The Light House by Virginia Woolf has variety of characters.if one tries to look at particularly female characters then can see that how they actually brings attractive personality to catch our attention there.
Mrs.Ramsey & Lily Briscoe two are such character.by these Woolf tries to show deeper psyche like Poe in The Tale Tell Heart. Here i tries to show that how Lilly's character support to highlight the personality of Mrs.Ramsey throughout the text.
Supportive character has to give scope or chance to highlight the personality of other main character. Lily Briscoe has such nature to connect with other that itself brings something significant from them.
Throughout the text, Mrs.Ramsey who has no such consciousness to think for self & always ready to sacrifice her desires for other there Lily Briscoe tries to aware her about self identity & how being a female also she has right & ability to think for self too.
By her painting Lily don't just show her art but she accepted the challenge & tries to prove the significance of females.

"I Love Loneliness"(Lily)
"I Fear Loneliness"(Ramsey)

Such dialogues shows the inner mentality of both the character.
At the very end of the novel Lilly questioned the illusion of Mrs.Ramsey of being a dedicator for family & tries to serve husband without pondering on self.

Gujrati text 'Vevishal' by Meghani has also one such character who support to beings out the actual identity of a person.
In this text Sushila'a Bhabhu has glory to highlight the main character through her own support. She also always be ready to help Sushila or to stands for her whenever family members tries to force Sushila for marriage with Vijaychandra & how beautifully Meghani draws her character that is highlights the main personality of Sushila & gives her strength to stand for self desire to be with Sushil with whom she was in love truly.

By this we can see that how story construction is made through such supportive characters also that has power as well as significant role to perform & it can gives more chances to open up the main characters of the story.

Thank You

Concept of Da,Dayadhvam & Damyata in 'The Waste Land':-

Da:-Datta (Giver)
Dayadhvam:-Compassion or sympathy
Damyata:-Control

Da-Why people sacrifice for someone else..?
Just for humanity..?
Why they dare to surrender..?
Other's safety only..?
They are unknown to world but their deeds sounds more,still today.

Dayadhvam-Our 'I' is our ego,it locked from outside instead of inside.only bad time or nightfall forces us to turns to good work or humanity. Unlocking self is in our own hands that just demands to use at a time.

Damyata-What we are & we have is just due to our deeds & it only happen due to good/bad works.

Eliot tries to use the reference from Brihadaruaka Upnishad where these three are in center. If we adjust it in life then lives can be settled.
Negative or elements that forces to divert are: Privatization, Industrialization & such other. Ultimately it's an evidence to guide generation after generation.

Shantih:-The peace with calmness that passes through many pains-no attachment with world is there.at last text ends with the answers of problems.

Thank You.

Rivers And Tides by Thomas Riedelsheimer

Hello Everyone,
Here I would like to share my views regarding A Documentary Film-'Rivers And Tides' by Thomas Riedelsheimer on British Artist Andy Goldsworthy:-
German film Award for Best Cinematography & Best Documentary film rewarded movie-'Rivers & Tides' talks on Landscape scuptor Andy Goldsworthy who is reworded throughout the world for his works in ice,stone, leaves,wood etc..his own remarkable still photographs are Goldsworthy's way of thinking about his often ephemeral works of fitting them in time.
Through art what man can create is a notable point here that catches our attention & using such creativity when Director use his own talent to depicts something special in it that matters a lot.
Such as here,when some philosophical elements tries to leads us towards it.sometimes we have some illusion in our mind & on that base we work so as a result reality always remains unknown to us yet it always remains before our eyes.
"You see something you never saw before,
That was always there but you were blind to.."
To conclude,I would say that art has significance to bring something from us but same art has power to reflect the base of reality but some how intentionally or may be due to lack of awareness we miss to look at that actually & it may connect with spiritual aspects of us that works same way by one or another way.
Thank You.

"Daybreak" H.W.Longfellow

"Daybreak"
H.W.Longfellow

H.W.Longfellow's poetry reflects his interest in establishing an American Mythology. Here is his one of the best poem entitled 'Daybreak',which deals with the theme of natural objects that emphasises in this poem wind addresses mists,sailors,landwards, forest,wood-birds,fields, belfry-tower & the dead persons. In very first lines of the poem we come to know that the wind that comes out from the sea says mists to make place for it.then it greets the ships & wakes up the mariners & says them that night has been gone & even to the part of the land it says that ships are going & day is going to rise.
After that the poet awakens the forests & screams loudly at them that all the tress have to hang out their leaves like the banners are hang out. It touches the wings of woods birds, who were sleeping by folded wings & then it flies over the farms & wakes up the cocks & says that start your clarion because the day is very near.
Then the wind addresses the fields of corn that they have to bow down & moves with the wind. Later it goes to the belfry tower & wakes it & tells that they should announces the hours & coming morning to the http://people.at last it addresses to the dead in their graves telling them sadly that their hour for reawakening has not yet arrived as they must wait till the day of judgement.
Ultimately if we critically analyse the poem we can come to the conclusion that the poem emphasises on breaking of the day.the poet has wonderfully welcome to the coming morning.

By Jhaverchand Meghani"Vevishal - The Promised Hand"

By Jhaverchand Meghani
"Vevishal - The Promised Hand"

Feminism in "વેવિશાળ":-

What is Feminism..?
Feminism is an interdisciplinary approach to issues of equality and equity based on gender, gender expression, gender identity, sex, and sexuality as understood through social theories and political activism.

Literature on Feminism:-
Feminist literature is fiction or nonfiction which supports the feminist goals of defining, establishing and defending equal civil, political, economic and social rights for women. It often identifies women's roles as unequal to those of men – particularly as regards status, privilege and power – and generally portrays the consequences to women, men, families, communities and societies as undesirable.

Gujrati Literature:-
Gujrati Literature is also fruitful with regards of woman identities.there are so many texts that highlights issues on such.
for example:-"Sat Pagla",
"Mare pan ek Ghar hoi",
"Pach Pagla pruthvi par" & so on.

About Vevishal,The Text:-
Vevishal is a work by Meghani that has image of women's dedication & condition in between society & throughout the novel we can see that how family values matters than self identity for woman.It is a social novel or similar to short story basically here in this present work there are characters who all has significant role to play.apart from all other characters here i am just going to share about Female identities only which highlights the entire plot of the story & mingled till the end effectively.
How feminism works in the story here..?
Here by two main characters Shushila & Santok the full story line is constructed & except that Some minor females are there. Sushila a girl who dedicated her entire life for family & Husband & never think on her own side where she has to think & pause for her self that can help to make her identity between male dominated family background. How from very little age she comes with some attractive personality before us that is interesting. Though she has filled with enough wealth & healthy background with the passing of time yet at the middle part how she has to face difficulty relates to her personal relationship with Sukhlaal & her family's desire for Vijaychandra here she confused between two yet clear for her emotions towards Sukhlaal only.this affection she shows at the very end of the story & confess her love & respect for Sukhlaal that is enough to show that how she has also power to present her voice not against family but having honesty towards Sukhlaal with whom she wants to spend entire life.her confession before committee itself shows how she is faithful enough for her relationship as well as family values.
Another character of Santok who comes as Sushila's Bhabhu & played very important role to move the storylines further with special interests.She actually comes differ from Shushila who always wants to think for others while Santok has such consciousness to think for self too & due to her only Shushila can raise voice at the end to confess her emotions & respect towards Sukhlaal.
Other minor character like Sukhlaal's mother also have such values or mentality to deal with. She wants to make her son capable like other & after her death how her desire turns to drastic change is also matters here.
So by this characters we can see that though family members wants to make equality in economy & for that level they decides some rules or restrictions to follow & characters like Sushila & Santok have have to face several problems & they suppressed their voice against male http://categories.at the end how Meghani tries to give justice or at some point i would say that he can at least shows strength of women & proves them equal to Male.
Thank You.

An outline of the story Moby-Dick:-

An outline of the story Moby-Dick:-

The story of Moby-Dick begins on a day in winter in the city of New York, where a young American, who calls himself Ishmad,decides to go on a voyage abroad one of the whaling ships. He takes this decision partly because the sea fascinates him & partly because he would like to escape from the depression which has been weighing him down. He then travels to new Bedford, the chief whaling port of the United States.eventually he is taken as a member of the crew on board a whaling ship the name of which is the Pequod.the captain of this ship has on a previous whaling voyage lost a leg which had been bitten off by a white whale which has vomr to be known by the name of Moby Dick.
The captain whose name is Ahab,refuces to accept his misfortune as one of the common hazards of his trade & regards his loss of q leg as a proof of the malice of some supernatural power which has used the white whale as its agent to deprive him of one of his limbs. He directs the crew of his ship to make a search for Moby Dick through the whaling grounds of the Pacific ocean. He enlists the crew's support by offering to reward the one who first sights the white whale. He is also able to inject into the members of the crew some of his own hatred for the monster which has crippled him only Starbuck,his first mate tries to dissuade him from the proposed search for Moby Dick or the white whale but Starbuck's efforts in this direction proves absolutely futile instead of the leg which Ahab has lost. He now has an artificial leg made of whale bone.beside,Ahab carries on board his ship a group of mysterious figures led by the parse,Fedallah.Fedallah is a fortune teller,beside being a skilled crewman.these persons are to serve as Ahab's personal crew for the boat into which he would himself descend upon the sea in order to chase Moby Dick when the monster is sighted.
After many months of search, the white whale is finally sighted & chased. But the monster which has curious strength & which is exceptionally fierce,not only destroys Fedallah & Ahab but also sinks the Pequod by ramming its huge bulk against the ship.all the men on the ship are drowned with the exception of Ishmael who survives by cleaning to a wooden coffin which had been made for the burial of a harpooner by the name of Queequeg & which now serves as a life boy for Ishmael. Affect on the sea.Ishmael is picked up by another whale ship constitutes the main content of this novel.Ishmael describes not only Ahab's tragic adventure but many other matters which interest him as a new comor to whaling. He describes the Pequod the Pequod's craw,the whaling industry in general. The various kinds of whales & the various processes which are employed to extract while oil from the spread whales. He also gives expression, in the course of this narrative to his own thoughts & reflection.
The novel is thus a mixture of several elements. The result of this mixture is that the novel is hard to classifying.
Thank You.


Girish Karnad's Tughlaq as a Historical Play:-

Girish Karnad's Tughlaq as a Historical Play:-

There are many definitions of history some critics believe that history is Distilled Rumour.the other famous critic Walter Scott says,The history is as dry as dust. Karnad himself says, It is playing the game of chess with the shadows of the dead.Barani's definition of history aims at two important facts Hasting results & produced by learned men.both these conditions are fulfilled in Karnad's Tughlaq which is a historical play as Shakespeare's Richard 2 & Christopher Marlow's Edward 2.
Tughlaq as a historical play:-
Karnad presented Tughlaq with aesthetic & artistic depth ness. He presented perfect political atmosphere of contemporary India. In Tughlaq a historical may find many changes or loopholes. But Karnad Molded the character of sultan according to his theme, Karnad wanted to convince a message to us that an idealist ruler can nor remain idealist if he is ambitious of applying his own power every now & then.his purpose is to show that in true history faces change but forces don't.Karnad's own Tughlaq should be studied to find parallelism between the realities of the 14th century India ruled by a prime minister & his colleagues in the cabinet.Karnad's own statement which is quoted by URA Ananthamurt by in this Introduction to Tughlaq should not be talent with a pincle of salt.
Some historical facts:-
In Tughlaq Karnad puts forward some of the historical facts. They are as follows:-
The burning of Kanpur
The revalt of the Nawab of Awadh
Fakrud-Din's revolt in Bengal
The uprising in Deccan & in Malabar
Ehasmasha's declaration of independence
Bahul-Ud-Din's collecting the army aganist the Sultan
The conflict with Ain-ul-Mulk & Shinab-ud-Din
These all incidents are facts that taken from the Indian history Karnad writes in the preface of his drama that how is the india of today different from that of Tughlaq's days..! Only the people & personages have changed the forces & the causes for fight have war.the straggleto gain power is the basic fact that remain unchanged.the fight of the individual against another individual has been substitute by the fight between one group & the alter to secure the power to rule.
Here again Karnad makes use of some actions of Tughlaq to bear upon the actions in contemporary India.Tughlaq lifted the jiziya from the shoulders of the Hindus & imposed taxes on the Hindus & Muslims alike.this was done with a view to maintaining absolute impart rality.but this move of his was mis conducted by the Hindus.
Karnad has succeeded in missing history & fiction to give the feel of life of the 14th century which is quite relevant to the contemporary reality in India. Though Tughlaq in has shown not just the form but copied interest of history Tughlaq was surrounded by the Amirs who were most stamped. They did not advice him correctly not did they carryout his plans honestly. Karnad has satirized an old man,an Amir & courtiers.
Story of a perfect contemporary Sultan:-
Even the enemies of Sultan recognize his learning & scholarship. Iman-ud-Din his critic tells the Sultan,"You are one of the most powerful kings on the earth today & you could spread th kingdom of heaven on earth. God has given you everything power learning intelligence talent.
But this learned & talented Sultan is very impulsive. He can met tolerate opposition. Tughlaq thinks that whatever he does is right & for the people. He want his path to lead towards greater justice equality progress & peace. He aims at a more purposeful life.he wanted to achieve movers as well as progress so he decided to transfer his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad.he explains all the things really well. But the people do not, give support to him.this conflict was taken from the contemporary history of India.
About Tughlaq,Karnad rightly said that..
"Osho & Tughlaq borned in mudh advance in a country like India. They were worshiped far more it they born lately."
This shows the intelligence of Muhammad Tughlaq but unfortunately all the people of this king were old minded.
Conclusion:-
Girish Karnad had perfectly blends the history with the imagination. He adds many humorous & dramatic scenes in this drama. He changes many contemporary facts. So the question arises that Is Tughlaq a historical play or not..? We must call it a historical play as it depicts most of the historical facts of the contemporary India. Karnad's changes are necessary to make it dramatic Karnad makes their characters more powerful than the original. Karnad's changes are not far away from Shakespeare's or Marlow's.Karnad never play with reality. His emotions are never killer or overlapping the reality. So Tughlaq can lie definately called a nice historical play.
Thank You.

Glimpse on Imaginary Homelands by Salman Rushdie:-

Imaginary Homelands by Salman Rushdie is a collection of essays.It first starts with the description of past & present.
"The past is a foreign country but photo tells me to invert this idea,it reminds me that it's my present that is foreign & the past is home-a lost city,Bombay."(Rushdie)
"What does it mean to be..?
Indian outside India...?"
Secondly it focus on Commonwealth literature that doesn't exit.There importance & an ignorance of Commonwealth is centered. Another side to look towards English is also there that is not so important in India while Rushdie believes in importance of communication through English.
Then it turns to discuss The new empire within Britain where power highlights it's significant position on Black.new empire treated women badly or abused & children also beaten up.even police threats not protect.
Another discussion take place on Hobson-Jobson,a name of dictionary. When Tajiya happened & there he listen "Ya Hussain" that comes as Hobson-Jobson.first language influence remains here. RP can be stopped through such invention of words.
Last description is on Attenborough's Gandhi.where criticism on Gandhian ideas also highlighted. Revolution through non violence also comes as now Dalit's meeting on getting rights can see in context. Selling Gandhian things in western market shows attitude to accept his ideas. Birla for example.

Thank You.

The Hairy Ape by Eugene O'Neill is a piece of Propaganda:-

'The Hairy Ape' by Eugene O'Neill is a piece of Propaganda:-

In Victorian era,following the researches of Darwin & other evolutionary scientists,there was a wide speared faith in the gradual advancement of mankind towards an era of perfect peace & prosperity. It was felt that the golden age round the corner,in America Walt Whitman-leading poet & Emerson shared this faith. But by the time, O'Neill took to writing. This dream had been shattered. The fruit of science & technology had already turned to dust & ashes. O'Neil is the mouth piece of this disillusionment.his works are an expression of the disintegration of society, of the spiritual & cultural Westland that contemporary west civilization has become. The disintegration of Yank's personality in The Hairy Ape is a symbol of the disintegration of American industrialized & mechanized society. What happens to Yank in the play was happening to millions in the post world war era.this spiritual loneliness & sense of isolation was a wide speared in the world.
When The Hairy Ape was first published,it was called "A Propaganda Play",an advocacy of the cause of the poor & not a factual representation of the contemporary situation. In a letter to The New-york Herald Tribunal, O'Neill replied to the charge:-
"The Hairy Ape was propaganda in the sense that it was symbol of man who has lost his old harmony with nature, the harmony which he use to have as an animal & has not yet acquired in a spiritual way.thus,not being able to find it on earth. Nor in heaven. He is in the middle, trying to make peace.Yank can't go forward & so he tries to go back.this is what his shaking hands with the gorilla ment.but he can't go back to Belonging either.the gorilla kills him."
The first scene presented Yank as having a great faith in himself also, as having an equally great sense of belonging to the Stoke Hall & the engine. He identifies himself with the stream & smoke & steal.
However in scene three when Mildred insults Yank by calling him 'The Fealthy Beast' that the disillusionment of Yank begins.he feels himself insulted in some unknown fashion. In the very heart of his pride, Yank begins to fill that he no longer belongs.The Hairy Ape thus centered on Yank's loss of faith in himself as well as in the world he lives in.he in search of his identity discovers firstly that he is alone & the world is impossible to live in & secondly the steal has no power within him but a prison around him.
After being rejected by IWW,Yank tries to belong to the hairy ape. He goes to the gorilla cage,shakes hand with it but the gorilla kills him...!
Both the rich & the poor Yank & Mildred have lost the creativity. Technology & machine rendered life soulless & mechanical.men no longer feels that he is an important part of creative process.
In short, The Hairy Ape is a story of the modern man who has lost the harmony with nature & failed to control his excess or over use of machinery.

Thank You.



'The Bluest Eye' by Tony Morison:-

'The Bluest Eye' by Tony Morison:-

*Whiteness as the standard of beauty:-

The Bluest Eye provides an extended depiction of the ways in which internalized white beauty standards deform the lives of the black girls & women. The belief that whiteness is superior & can be observed in many references of the novel.for example-The baby dolls for children are white.from little childern to adult women all desire to be white in nigro http://community.in other words,from Pacola to Mrs. Breedlove,most of the female characters who are nigro strongly believe that only white people can be beautiful. However Claudia remains free from this worship of whiteness at earlier stage of her life.later she also learns to hate herself.
The person who suffer most from white beauty standard is of course,person.She connects beauty with being loved & believes that if she had possessed Blue Eyes,the cruelty in her life would have been replaced. By affection & respect this hopeless desire leads ultimately to madness.

Thank You.

Post-Colonialism in Black Skin,White Mask by Frans Fanon:-

In short Post-Colonialism in Black Skin,White Mask by Frans Fanon:-

1)The black man & the language
If black doesn't learn white men's language then though he is intelligent yet considers as uneducated.
2)The women of color & the white men
The bluest eye(example)
Black desire of a white woman
3)The man of color & white woman
Wants to be white or equal to White.
Love-Affairs-Marriage
4)The so called dependency complex of the colonized people
Color has desire of white rule
If the black is not a man..what is the identity of that..?
"The black is A Black Man.."(Fanon)
5)The lived experiences of black man
Pathetic situation of the black men
There education or intelligence doesn't matter or they are sometimes not fully considers as human beings
The black identity movement was there
Black men's feelings,nationalism & deliverance from the white men's world shows there
6)The black man & psychopathology
Why people fear for being black..?
Black considers as sexual, animal being or mindless
7)The black man & recognition
I am narcissistic & wants to reflect myself on the eyes of other that satisfied me.
The idea of identity & darkness
India-Touchability for example
8)By the way of conclusion
Black doesn't want to be black but wants to be a men of plain & simplicity
They ask for rights to demand human behavior from other
Skin (Original)
Masks (Artificial)
Skin can't be changed but mentality can so there is Blackness within the mind.

Thank You.

"The Old Woman"

'The Old Woman' by Joseph Campbell:-

The present poem is a very fine & quite unique comparison of the old woman with some objects written by Campbell.
Generally we can see that how Beauty of young lady or girl can expresses through particular things but here the poet comes with some different idea as he tries to compare the old woman with some objects surrounding us & presents quite unique image here.
Very firstly the poet compares the old woman with a white candle. As white candle we generally use in the holy place that gives light & guided the person who comes there. Likewise old woman also has that much lightning face that had beauty as well as shines that can guided others which shows her thresher of experiences that are enough to direct the exact path to others.
With the radiance of the winter sun then the poet tries to compare the old woman & for that he used the word 'Spent Radiance' that indicates the passing time,the travelling of the sun.it directly shows the long passed journey of the old woman having radiance like the sun.
At last he naturally compared the old woman's maturity & steadiness with the still water of ruined mill.that shows her age that has thoughts, behavior & speech to fill anyone's life with betterment to move further in life.
By this way,i would say that how the old woman is compares by such objects & shows deliberately the glory of aged woman having immense sources of life requirements.

"Yussouf"

'Yussouf' by James Russell Lowell:-

Here is a story of real nobleman 'Yussouf-The Sheik'.it cab be helpful to follow the nobility of a person named Yussouf through the entire discussion.
Initially it shows Yussouf sitting at the door of tent having sad heart. Suddenly a stranger came to Yussouf & directly fell down at the feet of Yussouf.after so many tries he can't be able to get food or drop of water as he belonged from different community from there & at last he thought to beg help from Yussouf who considered as 'Good Man' there & anyone can fill their desires there.
Even hospitality can observers through his kind nature as he offered Ibrahim to stay there freely that gifted by God & feel like home.he entertains his guest by arranging things for further journey from there & offered horse to ride fast & reach at the place in addition to that he also gifted gold.

"As one lamp lights another, nor grows less,
So nobleness enkindled nobleness."

Yusoouf's this type of kindness awakens feeli of him which has long been doormat & moves him to make his confession. By kneeling down he bows his forehead upon Yusoouf's hand & by saying him Sheikh confesses his crime that he himself is the murderer of Yusuoof's elder son.it shows his courage to confess.
Yusuoof became motionless & shocked.his mind also struggles between revenge & forgiveness. But surprisingly he forgive Ibrahim & offered him more gold for his confession & strength to face it openly.
In short at last, Lowell tries to show that how generosity can change a person & prepare to be the same that revenge can't or never.

"Fame And Friendship"

'Fame And Friendship' by H.A.Dobson:-

In the present poem 'Fame & Friendship' we can see that how in a very short stanzas the poet can mentioned two different elements of our life:Fame & Friendship.
Here Fame is the food according to the poet which is eaten only by the dead men.by this it may tries to convey that a man become famous only after his death.

"I have no stomach for such meat"

It shows that a man ultimately should not have such desires of being famous even after death.

The dead person eat that fame in the silent tomb where little light & narrow space remains & there only in a very lonely place he can be famous.
Then it turns on Friendship where comparison between fame & friendship shows friendship's level higher than the fame. At the end of our life we only leaves memories behind which can be a medium to recall us for those who were in our touch up till our last breathing.
If you are trying to be special or memorable even after the death then fame doesn't leads towards that distraction but friendship that we shares truly can last till the end though we will no more.
Ultimately it shows the immortality of friendship on the side of fame.

"The Character Of A Happy Life"

Henry Wotten wrote the poem from experience, for he was distinguished servant of the crown who had seen for himself the rise & fall of ambitious men.
This present poem shows the idea that according to the poet the character of happy life should have qualities that itself differs him from other.
-He should not act according to other's wishes.
-He should have weapons like Simplicity & Truth.
-Be prepared for death.
-Has no care for become famous & getting name.
-Follow the rules of humanity that leads to the right path.
-Never asks God to be higher but tries to be merciful to others.
-He should be free from slavery.
-Not having ambitious personality.
-Never hope from others that disappoints him.
-No desire of health or wealth that risks for downfall.
By this all qualities the poet tries to mention a man who wants to be happy character & if he tries these to follow or accepts then he will be greatest powerful person having such happiness in life.
In shot the poet describes the characteristics of a noble & happy man who is honest,simple & not the slave of desires.

Harry Potter

Wizarding in the classroom:teaching Harry Potter & Politics
By Stephen Deets
The present article shows how Harry Potter by J.K.Rowling is deals with the real world though it has the concept of the fantasy and imaginations. With using the basic underlying knowledge of the students on it, the article leads towards the issues that mentioned in the series of Harry Potter and happen throughout the world.three main concepts that tries to highlighted here are identity of blood purity, house identity and hierarchy of magical creatures. By practicing this students can be familiar with wizarding world and examines it dispassionately.
Identity of blood purity indicates Rowling's intention to reflect the idea of race & power of Master position through magical world that is completely connects with the reality of the world that is real.the power significance of Voldemort defeated but at some point Harry also shared the same community that got position so by that may be Rowling deliberately points out the superiority of pure blooded race.
Social movements can also forced us to act in some particular way.Hermoine's act or suppression against community may shows this where freedom demands for risks like at present Muslim community,racial parties or anti-immigrants stands to question our freedom and way of living.Media and politics shows unreal image of the society no doubt Rowling is not in that sequence but in Harry Potter it shows as Reporter Rita Skeeter played a role there and politics go side by side indirectly.Globalization is also a point to note with the concerns of political force.copyright material for example for students we are using then we should know it's terms & conditions.trade market is important here where some books are opposed and by whom and why is remains question before us that may based with contextual also.so being a fantasy literature how it's mirrored our real world with the concept of politics that works ultimately is quite interesting here.